Molecular Sieves Bɛn na Wɔde Di Dwuma Wɔ Petroleum Refining FCC Catalysts mu?
FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) catalysts yɛ nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ adwuma pii a wɔde di dwuma wɔ petroleum a wɔde yɛ nneɛma foforo mu de dan hydrocarbon a emu yɛ duru yiye ma ɛbɛyɛ nneɛma a ɛsom bo kɛse-a wɔde aka ho te sɛ pɛtro, petroleum gas a wɔayɛ no nsu, ne olefin a emu yɛ hare. Wɔtaa yɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma, matrix nneɛma, binders, ne fillers.
Molecular Sieves Ahorow Ne Dwumadi Ahorow Ma FCC Catalysts
FCC catalysts wɔ acidity a ɛkorɔn, hydrothermal stability pa, ne anti-wear ahoɔden a emu yɛ den, na ɛma wotumi hyɛ nneyɛe te sɛ mpaapaemu, isomerization, ne hydrogen transfer a macromolecular hydrocarbons wɔ high-temperature fluidization tebea horow mu ho nkuran. Bio nso, ɛdenam nsakrae a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ molecule sieve su, asase a ɛho yɛ na, acidity, ne pore structure mu so no, wobetumi ama nneɛma a wɔde wɔn ani asi so te sɛ pɛtro, propylene, ne LPG aba ne sɛnea wɔpaw no yiye.
Enti, molecule sieves ahorow a ɛwɔ FCC catalysts mu titiriw di dwuma a ɛboa catalytic. Y-type molecular sieves ne nea wɔayɛ no foforo no ne nneɛma atitiriw a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ FCC catalysts mu. Wobetumi de beta molecular sieve adi dwuma de ama hydrocarbon pɔtee bi a ɛpaapae, isomerization, ne nneɛma a wɔpaw no atu mpɔn. Sɛ́ ade a wɔde ka ho a ɛyɛ adwuma no, ZSM-5 betumi ama olefins a emu yɛ hare a wonya no atu mpɔn. Na wɔde ZSM-11 molecule sieve di dwuma de paw hydrocarbons mu mpaapaemu a wɔpaw ne olefins a emu yɛ hare a wɔhwɛ so.
USY Molecular Sieve: Ade a Ɛyɛ Adwuma a Ɛho Hia Sen Biara
Y-type molecule sieveyɛ fapem cracking-active component ma FCC, naY a ɛyɛ den yiye (USY) .ne zeolite a ɛpaapae titiriw. Ɔsoro-silica Y anaaDealuminated Y (DA) .abien no nyinaa yɛ USY molecule sieves. Yebetumi ate USY ase sɛ Y-type zeolite a wɔayɛ stabilization treatments te sɛ dealumination ne hydrothermal treatment.
Bere a FCC catalysts no fa kyinhyia a ɛtaa yɛ adwuma ne nea ɛsan yɛ foforo mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wogyina ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro ne mmeae a nsuonwini-dɔɔso wom ano. Ne saa nti, USY da nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛtumi gyina pintinn kɛseɛ adi, ɛko tia nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛmma nsuo ntumi nyɛ adwuma denneennen, ɛgyina pintinn a ɛkorɔn wɔ framework mu, ne tumi a ɛkyɛn so a ɛtumi paapae molecule akɛseɛ mu.
REY/RE-USY Molecular Sieve: Ɛkari pɛ Dwumadi, Coke Ne Gyinabea
Y zeolites a wɔntaa nhu-asase so nsakrae kura mfiridwuma mu mfaso kɛse wɔ FCC catalysts mu. Asase so nneɛma a wɔntaa nhu-a ɛka ho no bi ne La, Ce, ne Nd. Asase so ion nsakrae a ɛntaa nsi no betumi ama ɔhyew a ɛyɛ den, nsu mu hyew a ɛyɛ den, acidity, dwumadi, ne coke a wɔpaw a ɛwɔ Y-type zeolite molecule sieves mu no atu mpɔn.
Enti, na...REY (Rare-Asase Y) .neRE-USY (Rare-Asase Ultra-Y a ɛyɛ den)wɔtaa de molecule sieves di dwuma wɔ petroleum FCC mu, de ma dwumadi ne ahoɔden a ɛyɛ den no yɛ kɛse, na ɛma ɛkari pɛ wɔ catalytic dwumadi, coke aba, ne petrol/diesel a wɔpaw no mu.
Beta Molecular Sieve: Ɛma Hydrocarbons Pɔtee a Wɔsakra no Tu mpɔn
Beta nyɛ molecule sieve titiriw a ɛwɔ atetesɛm FCC catalysts mu, ɛnte sɛ USY. Nanso mmom no, ɛyɛ nnuru pɔtee bi a wɔayɛ anaasɛ zeolite molecule sieves a wɔayɛ mu nsakrae a ɛyɛ adwuma no su kɛse.
Beta molecule a wɔde yiyi nneɛma muɔwɔ BEA topology na ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa-afã akɛse-pore nhyehyɛe. Ne acidity a emu yɛ den ne pore akwan akɛseɛ ma wotumi de di dwuma wɔ FCC dwumadie mu ma hydrocarbon mpaapaemu, isomerization, ne hydrocracking-fam nneyɛeɛ, ne afei nso ma mfimfini-distillate selectivity tu mpɔn na ɛhyɛ hydrocarbon pɔtee bi nsakraeɛ ho nkuran.
ZSM-5 Molecular Sieve: Ɛhyɛ Olefins a Ɛyɛ Hann a Wɔyɛ no Ho nkuran
Dwuma aZSM-5 molecule a wɔde yiyi nneɛma muwɔ FCC akwan horow mu no yɛ soronko, ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ FCC catalyst additive. Bere a Y-type zeolite titiriw na ɛma ngo molecule akɛse a emu yɛ duru-paapae no, ZSM-5 twe adwene si hydrocarbons a ɛwɔ pɛtro mu a wɔbɛdan no bio so na ɛhyɛ olefin a emu yɛ hare a wɔyɛ ho nkuran.
ZSM-5 zeolite da MFI nhyehyeɛ a ɛwɔ microporous nhyehyeɛ adi na ɛda nsusuiɛ-paw catalytic su a ɛda adi pefee adi. ZSM-5 a wɔde ka FCC nhyehyɛe ahorow ho no taa ma propylene, ethylene, LPG, ne olefin a emu yɛ hare a wonya no kɔ soro, ɛtew pɛtro so anaasɛ ɛsakra olefin a ɛwɔ pɛtro no mu. Na USY ne ZSM-5 molecule sieves a wɔaka abom no yɛ FCC catalyst nhyehyɛe a ɛtaa ba yiye.
ZSM-11 Molecular Sieve: Ɛhwɛ Anaasɛ Nsusuwii-paw mpaapaemu
ZSM-11 molecule a wɔde yiyi nneɛma muyɛ MEL topology no dea, nhyehyeɛ a ɛte sɛ MFI nhyehyeɛ a ɛwɔ ZSM-5 no ara pɛ. Ne dwumadie wɔ FCC akwan te sɛ shape-selective cracking ne olefin regulation, nso ne ZSM-5 molecular sieve de no di nsɛ.
Wɔ FCC mfiridwuma mu no, wobetumi de ZSM-11 molecule sieve adi dwuma ama hydrocarbon mpaapaemu, aromatization, ne isomerization, anaasɛ wɔde adi dwuma sɛ FCC catalyst additive. Nanso, wɔ FCC a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu ho no, ZSM-11 molecule sieve nyɛ nea ɛho hia koraa sen ZSM-5.
Sinmat Nnuruyɛfoɔyɛ titiriw wɔ zeolite molecule sieves a wɔde ma FCC catalysts mu, a Y-type molecule sieves (NaY, HY, USY, REY, RE-USY, DAY), Beta molecule sieves, ZSM-5 molecule sieves, ne ZSM-11 molecule sieves ka ho. Sɛ wopɛ nsɛm pii a, yɛsrɛ wo hwɛ nneɛma ho nsɛm nkratafa no.
